As pet owners search for new ways to support their animals’ wellbeing, many are turning to an unexpected source of comfort — music. A growing body of research suggests that certain genres, particularly slow classical compositions, may help reduce stress and anxiety in dogs.
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Interest in canine music therapy has increased in recent years, partly driven by rising reports of separation anxiety following the Covid-19 pandemic, when many dogs became accustomed to having their owners at home. Animal welfare organisations in the UK have since explored non-medicinal calming strategies to assist overwhelmed pets.
One of the most cited studies comes from the University of Glasgow and the Scottish SPCA, which examined the behaviour of dogs in rehoming centres after exposure to various genres, including classical, pop, reggae and soft rock. Researchers noted that heart rates lowered and resting behaviours increased most noticeably while classical music was playing. Reggae and soft rock produced similar, albeit slightly less consistent, results.
Dr Neil Evans, a professor of integrative physiology involved in the research, said the findings indicated that “music with a slower tempo and simple rhythmic structure appears to be most soothing”. However, he stressed that individual preferences varied, just as they do among humans.
Similar conclusions have emerged elsewhere. A study from Queen’s University Belfast observed that slow-tempo classical music reduced signs of acute stress in dogs during potentially distressing events, such as veterinary appointments or car journeys. Behaviour changes included less pacing, barking and panting — all indicators commonly associated with anxiety.
Specialised music designed specifically for animal hearing ranges has also entered the market. Products such as Through a Dog’s Ear and other pet-focused playlists use simplified arrangements, predominantly piano-led, and avoid sudden pitch changes or percussion, which may startle sensitive listeners. Some veterinary clinics and boarding facilities in the UK have begun incorporating such soundtracks into their routines.
Animal behaviourists note that dogs hear a far broader frequency range than humans — up to around 65,000 Hz — meaning they may respond differently to sound. For this reason, music that appears calm to humans may be overwhelming to a dog, particularly if it contains sharp, high-frequency elements.
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Despite the promising evidence, researchers caution that music is not a universal solution. Many of the studies conducted so far have been relatively small and carried out in kennels rather than domestic settings, where dogs may behave differently. Music may also be less effective for animals with more complex behavioural issues or trauma histories.
Dr Deborah Wells, an animal behaviour researcher at Queen’s University Belfast, urges owners not to view music as a standalone cure. “It can form part of a wider anxiety-management plan, but it should not replace training, environmental enrichment or veterinary guidance where necessary,” she said.
Animal charities echo this sentiment. The RSPCA advises owners to introduce music gradually and monitor their pet’s reaction, rather than leaving a playlist running for hours without observing its impact. Signs of relaxation may include lying down, slower breathing and reduced vocalisation. Conversely, restlessness, whining or avoidance could indicate discomfort.
For many owners, however, music has become a practical, inexpensive tool. Streaming platforms now offer curated “dog relaxation” playlists, and some pet cameras allow owners to play calming tracks remotely while away from home.
As interest grows, scientists hope further research will expand understanding of how auditory stimuli influence animal emotions and physiology. Larger, long-term studies — particularly those conducted in homes — may help determine which dogs benefit most, what types of music are most effective and whether tailored soundscapes could play a role in veterinary or shelter care.
For now, experts agree on a cautious but optimistic message: music may not work for every dog, but for some, it offers a simple route to a more peaceful day. Whether it is Bach, Bob Marley or a purpose-built canine composition, the right melody could, at least for certain pets, strike exactly the right note.
