Concerns that smartphones, tablets, and other digital devices contribute to dementia in later life have been called into question by new research. A large-scale analysis of existing studies involving more than 400,000 older adults suggests that regular use of such technology is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline. While it remains unclear whether digital devices actively prevent mental deterioration or if individuals with better cognitive health are simply more inclined to use them, the findings undermine the popular narrative of “digital dementia”.
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Led by Dr Jared Benge, a clinical neuropsychologist at UT Health Austin, and Dr Michael Scullin, a cognitive neuroscientist at Baylor University, the researchers reviewed 57 studies on digital technology use and mental performance. Participants, who had an average age of 69, had all undergone cognitive assessments. Contrary to fears that prolonged exposure to technology leads to cognitive decline, the study found a positive correlation between device use and mental sharpness. The researchers propose that the “three Cs” — complexity, connection, and compensatory behaviours — could explain this relationship.
Digital tools may help individuals engage in complex thinking tasks, stay socially connected, and adapt to age-related changes. For instance, using GPS to navigate or setting digital reminders for daily tasks could enable older people to maintain independence and mental agility. However, the researchers note that how technology is used is key: passive consumption, such as watching television, is unlikely to be beneficial. In contrast, interactive, stimulating, and socially engaging uses of digital technology appear to support brain health in later life.
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Experts in the UK have responded positively to the findings. Professor Peter Etchells from Bath Spa University praised the study’s more nuanced perspective on screen time, while Professor Sam Gilbert at UCL said it presents “a clear link” between technology usage and preserved cognitive ability. Dr Vincent O’Sullivan, from the University of Limerick, added that these findings could one day inform practical interventions to support those at risk of cognitive decline. While further research is needed to untangle the direction of the relationship, this analysis offers a hopeful counterpoint to alarmist views about digital habits and ageing brains.
